Objectives Salidroside is used for treating inflammation-based diseases; however, its molecular mechanism is unclear. In this study, we determined the protective role of salidroside on the endotoxin-induced damage caused to the mouse alveolar epithelial type II (MLE-12) cells and its underlying mechanism. Methods An in vitro model for acute lung injury was constructed by inducing the MLE-12 cells using lipopolysaccharide (lipopolysaccharides, 1 mg/L). Then, The MTT assay was conducted to assess the survival rate of the MLE-12 cells in the different groups. After the treatment, apoptosis of MLE-12 cells was determined, and the mRNA and protein expression of miR-199a-5p, HMGB1, NF-kB65, TNFAIP8L2, p-IkB-alpha, and TLR4 was estimated by Western Blotting and RT-PCR. ELISA was also used to measure the concentration of inflammatory cytokine molecules IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-18 in the cell-free supernatant. Lastly, cell morphology was examined using the AO/EB technique. Results We showed that salidroside reduced the protein and gene expression of HMGB1, NF-kB65, miR-199a-5p, p-IkB-alpha, and TLR4, whereas it increased the gene and protein expression of TNFAIP8L2. Furthermore, it decreased the concentrations of cytokine molecules like IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-18 in the cell-free supernatant. MLE-12 also showed a lower apoptosis rate, higher survival rate, and better cell morphology. Conclusion Salidroside significantly inhibited the LPS-induced MLE-12 cell damage. Our results suggest that this could be by reducing miR-199a-5p and enhancing TNFAIP8L2 expression.