To describe non-glaucomatous age-related changes in optic nerve optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA).Prospective-cohort study PARTICIPANTS: Daxing Eye Study participants age ≥50 years without glaucoma were included.OCT, OCTA, and other systemic or ocular examinations were performed at baseline and after five years.Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness, macular ganglion cell complex (mGCC) thickness, superficial macular vessel density, and radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) density at baseline and after five years.This study included 1003 eyes of 579 subjects, with a follow-up of 5.8 ± 0.4 years. Over five years, there were significant decrease in pRNFL (mean=1.7 μm, 95%CI: 1.5μm to 1.9μm, p<0.01), mGCC (mean=0.8μm, 95%CI: 0.6μm to 1.0μm, p<0.01), superficial macular vessel density (mean=2.4%, 95%CI: 2.1% to 2.7%, p<0.01), and RPC density (mean=0.3%, 95%CI: 0.1% to 0.5%, p=0.02). In the multivariable analysis, after adjusting for the change of signal strength index of the tests, we observed the following associations: mGCC changes were significantly associated with hyperlipidemia (linear regression coefficient B=-0.75, p=0.03) and intraocular pressure (B=-0.13, p<0.01). RPC changes were significantly associated with pulse (B=0.02, p=0.04), systolic blood pressure (B=0.02, p=0.02), age (B=-0.04, p=0.04) and axial length (B=-0.25, p=0.04). Superficial macular vessel changes were associated with axial length (B=-0.30, p<0.05).During five years of normal aging, participants experienced declines in pRNFL thickness, mGCC thickness, RPC density, and superficial macular vessel density. These age-related changes should be taken into account when diagnosing and monitoring glaucoma patients.Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier Inc.