PURPOSE: The prevalence of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in China has been reported previously, and was lower than that in white and black populations. However, the incidence of POAG in China has not been reported. Therefore, a longitudinal study was conducted to determine the 5-year cumulative incidence and predictors of POAG in China. DESIGN: Population-based cohort study. METHODS: A total of 1520 participants (71.3% of the subjects in the baseline survey) of Bai ethnicity were examined and followed for 5 years. Glaucoma was defined based on the International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology Classification criteria. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS: A total of 19 new cases of POAG were detected. The 5-year cumulative incidence of POAG was 1.3% (95% CI, 0.7-1.9). In multivariate analyses, incident POAG was associated with baseline variables including increased age (OR, 4.3; 95% CI, 1.4-13.8; P =.02; 70 years or older vs 50-59 years), elevated IOP (OR; 3.5; 95% CI, 2.0-5.9; P <.001; per 10 mm Hg increase), lower education level (OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1-0.8; P =.02; post primary education vs no formal education), and the presence of myopia (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.3-8.6; P <.01). CONCLUSIONS: The average annual incidence of POAG in Bai Chinese was lower than that in populations of African descent and white race. The results are important to elucidate the racial/ethnic difference in POAG incidence and for the clinical management and health resource allocation in China. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.