Chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD), a photosensitive dermatosis, is characterized by inflammatory lesions, especially on sun-exposed skin. However, its pathogenesis remains unclear. In this study, second-generation RNA sequencing and comprehensive bioinformatics analyses of mRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (IncRNAs) were performed to determine the transcriptome profiles of patients with CAD. A total 6889 annotated IncRNAs, 341 novel IncRNAs, and 65091 mRNAs were identified. Interestingly, patients with CAD and healthy controls showed distinct transcriptome profiles. Indeed, 198 annotated (81.48%) and 45 novel (18.52%) IncRNAs were differentially expressed between the two groups. GO, KEGG, and RGSEA analyses of IncRNAs showed that inflammatory and immune response related pathways played crucial roles in the pathogenetic mechanism of CAD. In addition, we unveiled key differentially expressed IncRNAs, including IncRNA RP11-356I2.4 which plays a role probably by regulating TNFAIP3 and inflammation. qRT-PCR data validated the differentially expressed genes. The newly identified IncRNAs may have potential roles in the development of CAD; these findings lay a solid foundation for subsequent functional exploration of IncRNAs and mRNAs as therapeutic targets for CAD.