Background: Human platelet alloantigen (HPA) is part of the platelet membrane structure, named HPA1-17 system. This study aimed to investigate platelet alloimmunity in the Achang and Jingpo population, ethnic minority specific, to establish a typed platelet donor data bank in Yunnan's ethnic minority areas. Methods: In this study, samples from 139 unrelated healthy cases from the Achang population, 148 cases of the Jingpo population, and 150 healthy cases from Yunnan's Han population were collected as a control. PCR-sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) methods were respectively adopted to genotype HPA-1-17. The frequency of genes and genotypes was calculated separately, and the frequency distribution of alleles in the Achang population was compared with that of the Han population. Results: Monomorphic HPA-7-14 and HPA-16 and 17 were found in the samples from the Han population, while HPA-b was not found in any of these samples. In HPA-1, 2, 4, 5, and 6, aa homozygosity was predominant. Monomorphic HPA-7, HPA-9-14 and HPA-16 were found in the samples from the Achang population, while HPA-b was not found. In HPA-1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 17, aa homozygosity was predominant. The genotype results of the HPA-4, 7, HPA9-12, HPA14, 16-17 antigen systems in the Jingpo population were all aa, while the HPA-b was not detected. In HPA-1, 2, 5, 6, 8 and 13, aa homozygosity was predominant. HPA-3, 15 showed the greatest heterozygosity among the three populations. The frequency of HPA-1a in the Achang population in Yunnan was significantly different from that in the Han population (P<0.05). There was no difference in the HPA system of the Jingpo population, but the HPA-2a system was different between the Achang and Jingpo populations (P<0.05). Conclusions: In Yunnan, the distribution of the allele polymorphism of HPA-1-17 in the Achang and Jingpo population is similarly distributed to that in the Han population and exhibits their own characteristic. Therefore, a database of platelet donor typing of the ethnic group should be established. © Annals of Palliative Medicine.