This study aimed to investigate the trend of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in China over the past 10 years and assess the clinical application of inferior vena cava filters (IVCFs).A survey designed to investigate the diagnosis and management of VTE, especially on the application of IVCFs, was distributed nationally from January 2009 to December 2019. Respondents were mainly designated medical professionals and were asked to fulfill 4 major and 61 minor items on the survey.A total of 53 medical centers, including 27 Radiological and 26 Vascular Surgery Centers, from 21 provinces in China participated in the study. These centers have diagnosed and treated 171,310 VTE patients, 49% (n = 83,969) were inpatients. Over a 10-year period, an increasing trend of VTE diagnosis and inpatient management was observed, namely by 3.8-fold and 4.8-fold respectively. Characteristics of the inpatients were as followed: 15% bilateral lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (LEDVT), 27% right LEDVT, and 58% left LEDVT. Anticoagulation therapies were unfractionated heparin (UFH) with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) (8%), lower molecular weight heparin (LMWHs) with VKAs (21%), LMWHs with transition to rivaroxaban (34.2%), LMWHs with transition to dabigatran (2.4%), rivaroxaban alone (33.4%), and dabigatran alone (1.0%). Patients who remained on anticoagulation at 3, 6, 12, 24, and >24 months were 36%, 35%, 18%, 6.0%, and 5% respectively. In-hospital mortality for VTE patients was 3.2%, where DVT and pulmonary embolism (PE) was responsible for 5.2% mortality and DVT alone was 2.7%. Thrombolytic therapy was initiated in 39,046 (39,046/83,969, 46.5%) patients where 85% (n = 33,189/39,046) was catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) and evaluation of iliac vein using ultrasound and/or venography was performed in 76% (n = 63,816/83,969) patients. Urokinase was the main thrombolytic drug used (98%) and the remainder was recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA). Complete and partial thrombolysis was achieved in 70% and 30% patients. Bleeding complications were observed in 3.5% patients, where 20% of the patients with bleeding complications required intervention. Between 2009 and 2019, a total of 40,478 IVCFs (76% retrievable) were implanted in hospitalized VTE patients. During the enrollment period, the total number of IVCFs implantation increased by 3.8-fold, with a 4.8-fold increase in retrievable IVCFs use and 7.5-fold decline in permanent IVCFs. The removal rate of retrievable IVCFs was 72%. After IVCF implantation, 94.8% patients received anticoagulation on an average period of 9.1 ± 8.6 months. Overall complication rate associated with IVCF placement was 15.5% (n = 6,274/40,478), including tilting (54%), vena cava thrombosis (26.1%), caval penetration (12.6%), and migration (7.3%). No IVCF placement-related mortality occurred.There has been a significant increase in VTE diagnosis in China over the past decade. Anticoagulation therapy was the mainstay treatment and CDT was widely used. Most IVCFs placed belonged to retrievable types while permanent ones had been largely discarded.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.