Major depressive disorder is a common mental disorder, and a significant number of patients exhibit poor response to conventional antidepressant treatments, known as treatment-resistant depression (TRD). However, the definition of TRD globally remains unclear, impeding clinical research, treatment development, outcome implementation, and policy-making. A wealth of research confirms that rTMS demonstrates promising efficacy in TRD. This paper elucidates the definition of TRD, summarizes potential targets of rTMS for treating TRD, comprehensively elaborates on the unique mechanisms, efficacy, and side effects of rTMS in treating TRD, and outlines considerations for special populations receiving rTMS treatment for TRD as well as other treatment modalities for TRD. Through these studies, we aim to provide more scientifically grounded recommendations for patients undergoing rTMS treatment for TRD.
基金：
National Natural Science Foundation of China [82160269, 82360275, 82160272, 81873354]; Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department-Kunming Medical University Joint Fund for Basic Research Excellent Young Talent Cultivation Project [202101AY070001-033]; Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department-Kunming Medical University Joint Fund for Basic Research Project [202201AY070001-212, 202301AY070001-145]; Yunnan Provincial Department of Education Science Research Fund Project [2024Y248]; The "Chuncheng Plan" High-Level Talent Development Program for Spring City Prominent Talents Project [C201914016]
第一作者机构：[3]Kunming Med Univ, Yunnan Prov Mental Hosp, Affiliated Mental Hlth Ctr, Dept Sci & Educ, 733 Chuanjin Rd, Kunming 650224, Peoples R China
通讯作者：
推荐引用方式(GB/T 7714)：
Xing Haoran,Liu Xiaolei,Zhang Yingying,et al.Advances in repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of treatment-resistant depression: a comprehensive review[J].REVIEWS IN THE NEUROSCIENCES.2025,doi:10.1515/revneuro-2024-0151.
APA：
Xing, Haoran,Liu, Xiaolei,Zhang, Yingying,Wu, Jie,Li, Mier...&Bao, Tianhao.(2025).Advances in repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of treatment-resistant depression: a comprehensive review.REVIEWS IN THE NEUROSCIENCES,,
MLA：
Xing, Haoran,et al."Advances in repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of treatment-resistant depression: a comprehensive review".REVIEWS IN THE NEUROSCIENCES .(2025)
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