Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a preventable and treatable respiratory disease characterized by persistent airflow limitation.Its mechanism has not yet been fully clarified.In recent years,many studies have shown that oxidative stress and gene polymorphism play a very important role in its development.Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an important oxygen reductase in the body and is closely related to COPD.This article reviews the relationship between the occurrence,development,treatment and prognosis of HO-1 and COPD,in order to provide new ideas for the diagnosis,treatment and management of COPD.