Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of early enteral nutrition (EN) on patients after liver transplantation. Methods: For 55 patients who received the liver transplantation, EN (n=27, Group EN) or parenteral nutrition (n=28, Group PN) was respectively provided for nutrition support within 48 h after operation. The levels of indicators, like serum albumin (ALB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartic transaminase (AST), prealbumin (PA), lymphocyte count (LC) and total bilirubin (TBIL), were measured at 1st and 9th days after operation, and the results were compared between two groups. Besides, we also compared the incidence of infection, mechanical ventilation duration, length of stay in intensive care unit (ICU) and postoperative length of stay in hospital within 2 weeks after operation between the two groups. Results: Differences in comparison of the laboratory indicators at the 1st day after operation showed no statistical significance (p>0.05), but when it came to the 9th day after operation, the levels of ALB, PA and LC in Group EN were significantly higher than those in the Group PN (p<0.05); comparisons of the remaining indicators between the two groups showed that the differences had no statistical significance, but were significantly decreased when compared with the levels at the 1st day after operation. Within 2 weeks after operation, the incidence rate of infection in the group EN was significantly lower than that in the Group PN (p<0.05), and the levels of IgA and IgM in the Group EN were higher than those in the Group PN (p<0.05). Comparisons of the mechanical ventilation duration and length of stay in ICU also showed that the differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). However, after operation, the length of stay in hospital in the Group EN was significantly shorter than that in the Group PN (p<0.05). Conclusion: EN support should be provided for patients who received the liver transplantation as early as possible, which can effectively improve the nutrition status and immunological function of patients, and significantly reduce the incidence rate, thus accelerating the postoperative recovery. © 2018 A. CARBONE Editore.