Objective: This study aimed to compare the mood state of patients with severe pelvic organ prolapse (POP) before and after surgery. Methods: This prospective study enrolled 100 patients with severe POP who were surgically treated between October 2016 and February 2019. The clinical severity of POP was evaluated using the POP Quantification (POPQ) System. Mood state evaluation, using the Hamilton anxiety (HAMA) and the Hamilton depression (HAMD) scale, was performed preoperatively and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Results: The POP-Q stage was significantly improved postoperatively (P < 0.05). Preoperatively, the patients had varying degrees of anxiety symptoms (mean HAMA score, 11.94
5.59 points) and depression symptoms (mean HAMD score, 5.56
2.58 points); these scores were significantly decreased at 3 months (mean HAMA score, 4.67
2.02 points; mean HAMD score, 3.58
1.61 points) and 6 months postoperatively (mean HAMA score, 4.88
2.57 points; mean HAMD score, 3.38
1.60 points) (P < 0.05). There were no differences in the HAMD and HAMA scores in both traditional prolapse surgery patients and mesh pelvic reconstruction patients preoperatively and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively (P＞0.05). Conclusions: Patients with severe POP have different anxiety and depression symptoms preoperatively. Successful individualized surgical treatment is effective for improving the clinical severity of severe POP and might alleviate or improve POP-related anxiety or depression symptoms.