机构：[1]Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shanxi 710032, China[2]Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China皮肤科内科科室[3]Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China[4]Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China[5]Department of Dermatology, The 7th Municipal People’s Hospital in Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, China[6]Hospital for Skin Diseases (Institute of Dermatology), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China[7]Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shanxi 710032, China[8]Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Shenyang, Dalian 116000, China[9]Department of Dermatology, Changzheng Hospital of Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200000, China[10]Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of Wuhan City, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China[11]Department of Dermatology, The Third People’s Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China[12]The Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjing 300000, China[13]Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 20000, China
The pathogenesis of melasma is believed to be related to heredity, sun exposure, sex hormones, and other factors. The
mechanisms underlying the development of melasma include increased melanin synthesis, vascular proliferation within
the skin lesions, inflammation, and skin barrier dysfunction. The diagnosis of melasma is mainly based on clinical
manifestations and noninvasive techniques. Coupling with recent research progress in melasma, the present
consensus comprehensively elaborates the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, staging, classification,
diagnosis, and treatment of melasma to improve the diagnostic and therapeutic skills of Chinese dermatologists.
语种：
外文
第一作者：
第一作者机构：[1]Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shanxi 710032, China
通讯作者：
推荐引用方式(GB/T 7714)：
Tian-Wen Gao,Hua Gu,Li He,et al.Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Melasma in China (2021 Version)[J].International Journal of Dermatology and Venereology.2021,4(3):133-139.doi:10.1097/JD9.0000000000000164.
APA：
Tian-Wen Gao,Hua Gu,Li He,Tie-Chi Lei,Ming Li...&Zhi-Zhong Zhen.(2021).Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Melasma in China (2021 Version).International Journal of Dermatology and Venereology,4,(3)
MLA：
Tian-Wen Gao,et al."Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Melasma in China (2021 Version)".International Journal of Dermatology and Venereology 4..3(2021):133-139
