Reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) has been previously found in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies of white matter in schizophrenic patients. However, there are no reports in the literature that address FA alterations in late-onset schizophrenia (LOS). The current study measured FA in whole white matter and subsequently analyzed its association with psychotic symptoms in LOS. DTI was carried out in 20 patients with LOS and 17 age-, gender- and education-matched healthy subjects. Fractional anisotropy in different areas of white matter was compared between groups using a voxelwise analysis after inter-subject registration to standard Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space. Psychotic symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Cognitive functions were measured using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), the Digit Span Test, and the Trail-making Test. Significant reduction in FA was found in the left parietal lobe and right posterior cingulum in LOS patients compared with healthy subjects. Significant deficits in cognitive functions were observed in LOS. No significant correlation was found between FA value and PANSS scores, cognitive test scores, age, or antipsychotic medication dosages in LOS patients. Our study suggests that abnormalities in white matter integrity may contribute to the pathophysiology of LOS. However, these microstructural abnormalities provided no evidence for the emergence of psychotic symptoms in LOS. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.